MERRY CHRISTMAS ♥

Hello to everyone!

If its still near christmas when you read this-

MERRY CHRISTMAS

Case Study : Raman Raghav-The Indian Serial Killer

Raman Raghav (1929–1995) was a psychopathic serial killer who operated in the city of Mumbai(then Bombay), India in the mid-1960s. He was diagnosed with schizophrenia after his arrest.



Homeless people were hit to death while they slept. All the murders took place at night and were committed by using a hard, blunt object. The Mumbai police and the media realised that a serial killer was operating in the city.

At the time a suspicious looking man found loitering in the area had been picked up by the police. His name was Raman Raghav, a homeless man, and he was already in police files, having spent 5 years in prison for robbery. However, as no hard evidence could be found against him (none of the survivors had seen this man) the police let him go.When the killer struck again in 1968 the police launched a manhunt for him. Ramakant Kulkarni, then the Deputy Commissioner of Police CID (Crime)took over the investigation and created a massive combing operation in the city. This time the police not only managed to nab him, they got him to confess.
He admitted that he had killed 23 people in 1966 along the GIP (Great Indian Peninsular Railway as the Central Railway (India) was then known) line and almost a dozen in 1968 in the suburbs. However, it is likely that he killed many more. It was his casual approach to killing that led the police to suspect that he did not remember the exact number of people he had killed.
During the time Raman Raghav was in operation, there was widespread public anxiety and panic in Mumbai. People in slums and apartments dreaded sleeping out in the open or with open windows and balconies.

They found out it was him from pictures of witnesses.

For a long time, Raghav refused to answer questions. However, he began to answer their questions after the police fulfilled his request for dishes of chicken to eat. He then gave a detailed explanation, describing his weapon and other things like this.

Things that he said in his interveiws:

That there are two distinct worlds, the world of *'Kanoon' and this world in which he lived.
A fixed and unshakable belief that people were trying to change his sex, but that they are not successful, because he was a representative of *'Kanoon'.
A fixed and unshakable belief that he is a power or 'Shakti'.
A firm belief that other people are trying to put homosexual temptations in his way so that he may succumb and get converted to a woman.
That homosexual intercourse would convert him into a woman.
That he was "101 percent man". He kept on repeating this.
A belief that the government brought him to Mumbai to commit thefts and made him commit criminal acts.
An unshakable belief that there are three governments in the country - the Akbar Government, the British Government, and the Congress Government and that these Governments are trying to persecute him and put temptations before him."

*Kanoon-God

Raman Raghav's sentence was reduced to life imprisonment because he was found to be incurably mentally ill. He was lodged at Yerwada jail, Pune, and was under treatment at the Central Institute of Mental Health and Research. When a panel of doctors who examined him at the directive of the High Court found that he would never be cured, the High Court reduced his sentence to life imprisonment in its judgement of 4th August 1987. A few months later Raghav died at Sassoon Hospital. He had been suffering from kidney trouble.

Raman was India's worst serial killer and even had a movie made about him

This is the end of my report next week im going on my first proper investigation and im sure these facts will come in handy. I hope that some other people will learn from this !!!

Microscopes

Well I am nearly finished my little project which is a shame because I have enjoyed it.

Time line of the microscope-

1674 – Anton van Leeuwenhoek built a simple microscope with only one lens to examine blood, yeast, insects and many other tiny objects.

18th century – Technical innovations improved microscopes, leading to microscopy becoming popular among scientists.
1830 – Joseph Jackson Lister reduces spherical aberration or the "chromatic effect" by showing that several weak lenses used together at certain distances gave good magnification without blurring the image. This was the prototype for the compound microscope.
1872 – Ernst Abbe, then research director of the Zeiss Optical Works, wrote a mathematical formula called the "Abbe Sine Condition". His formula provided calculations that allowed for the maximum resolution in microscopes possible.
1903 – Richard Zsigmondy developed the ultramicroscope that could study objects below the wavelength of light. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1925.
1932 – Frits Zernike invented the phase-contrast microscope that allowed for the study of colorless and transparent biological materials for which he won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1953.
1931 – Ernst Ruska co-invented the electron microscope for which he won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986. An electron microscope depends on electrons rather than light to view an object, electrons are speeded up in a vacuum until their wavelength is extremely short, only one hundred-thousandth that of white light. Electron microscopes make it possible to view objects as small as the diameter of an atom.
1981 – Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer invented the scanning tunneling microscope that gives three-dimensional images of objects down to the atomic level. Binnig and Rohrer won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986. The powerful scanning tunneling microscope is the strongest microscope to date

The compound light microscope-

The term light refers to the method by which light transmits the image to your eye. Compound deals with the microscope having more than one lens. Microscope is the combination of two words; "micro" meaning small and "scope" meaning view.

Eyepiece Lens: the lens at the top that you look through. They are usually 10X or 15X power.
Tube: Connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses
Arm: Supports the tube and connects it to the base
Base: The bottom of the microscope, used for support
Illuminator: A steady light source (110 volts) used in place of a mirror. If your microscope has a mirror, it is used to reflect light from an external light source up through the bottom of the stage.
Stage: The flat platform where you place your slides. Stage clips hold the slides in place. If your microscope has a mechanical stage, you will be able to move the slide around by turning two knobs. One moves it left and right, the other moves it up and down.
Revolving Nose piece or Turret: This is the part that holds two or more objective lenses and can be rotated to easily change power.
Objective Lenses: Usually you will find 3 or 4 objective lenses on a microscope.

Rack Stop: This is an adjustment that determines how close the objective lens can get to the slide. It is set at the factory and keeps students from cranking the high power objective lens down into the slide and breaking things. You would only need to adjust this if you were using very thin slides and you weren't able to focus on the specimen at high power.
Condenser Lens: The purpose of the condenser lens is to focus the light onto the specimen. Most 1000X microscopes use 1.25 Abbe condenser lens systems. The Abbe condenser lens can be moved up and down. It is set very close to the slide at 1000X and moved further away at the lower powers.
Diaphragm or Iris: Many microscopes have a rotating disk under the stage. This diaphragm has different sized holes and is used to vary the intensity and size of the cone of light that is projected upward into the slide. There is no set rule regarding which setting to use for a particular power. Rather, the setting is a function of the transparency of the specimen, the degree of contrast you desire and the particular objective lens in use.

Chromatography

I was talking to the constable today he said he was very impressed with my work and so asked me to do more as soon as possible well here goes-
Chromatography is used in many different ways. Some people use chromatography to find out what is in a solid or a liquid. It is also used to determine what unknown substances are. The Police, F.B.I., and other detectives use chromatography when trying to solve a crime. It is also used to determine the presence of cocaine in urine, alcohol in blood, PCB's in fish, and lead in water. Chromatography is used by many different people in many different ways.

Types of Chromatography

There are four main types of chromatography.
Liquid Chromatography is used in the world to test water samples to look for pollution in lakes and rivers.
Gas Chromatography is used in airports to detect bombs and is used is forensics in many different ways. It is used to analyze fibers on a persons body and also analyze blood found at a crime scene. In gas chromatography helium is used to move a gaseous mixture through a column of absorbent material.
Thin-layer Chromatography uses an absorbent material on flat glass or plastic plates. This is a simple and rapid method to check the purity of an organic compound. It is used to detect pesticide or insecticide residues in food. Thin-layer chromatography is also used in forensics to analyze the dye composition of fibers.
Paper Chromatography is one of the most common types of chromatography. Chromatography is a technique for separating coloured chemicals. The colour inks in each of your felt tip pens is probably made of a mixture of different colours. Ways invesigators do this is if there was a note left behind from the crime scene crime scene investigators would put it in water till the colours rose and separated. The suspected pens would then go through the same procedure until one matched to the one used on the note.They would then know which pen was used.This can also be used for lipstick and other things like that.